The growth of technologies and digital and computer networks has had a major impact on the realization of the information society. In general, the vast growth of the intelligence community is due to the evolution of the communication and information tools that their evolution has begun a few centuries ago. In this study, we will investigate this issue by carefully examining the Criminal responsibility of providing cyber Criminal content in cyberspace, and then carefully examining the Criminal Liability of the Criminal content and the lack of security in the cyberspace, and ultimately the responsibility of service providers And we will discuss computer data in the European Commission's ecommerce directive. This directive, dated June 8, 2000, has provided some of the legal aspects of the services of the Information Society, especially e-commerce in the domestic market and the Council of Europe, which will examine all of the above issues. Finally, in the sequel to the study, Criminal investigations and prosecution of Criminal data and information in the cyberspace will be addressed, as well as the need to ensure the security of the cyberspace and the responsibility of the computer service providers in accordance with the Council of Europe' s e-commerce directive. Research and study.

Despite the fact that in investigations and legal writings enough consideration has been paid to the founding principles and rules governing civil and Criminal Liability as well as damages of crime, the legal or disciplinary responsibility accompanying these two types of legal responsibilities has not been taken seriously into account and the people involved it-in particular, the authorities dealing with violations of law and order-remain in this fundamental ambiguity: in the proceedings, as well as in the definitions and identifying the scope of the relevant judgments, should they follow the Criminal or civil responsibilities? If we try to clarify and solve some important issues such as the fundamentals of identifying violation, the factors of evading legal responsibility, the role of the spiritual element in the occurrence of the violation, as well as other rules and principles of law enforcement in legal investigations, we can help the authorities who investigate the violations to take a right direction. Accordingly, in this paper, while presenting a definition of legal responsibilities, we describe the fundamental differences of civil and Criminal Liability with law enforcement, and finally we prove the third part of the responsibility under the title of law enforcement with its own rules and regulations

Background and Aim: Iran's legislative policy has not made proper decisions yet regarding the legitimacy of conventional cosmetic surgery, as well as law enforcement and explanation in this area that has been utilized so far to correct defects on the face or body. Increased rates of unusual cosmetic procedures, such as eye color surgery, eye reshaping surgery, otoplasty, lip lift surgery, and rhinoplasty have highlighted the lack of legislative and executive policies in this field The present study aimed to investigate the Criminal Liability of surgeons and applicants for emerging cosmetic surgeries. Materials and Methods: This Research has Been Prepared by Descriptive Analytical Method and its Data has Been Collected by Documentary Librart Tools. Results: Accepting the risks, fatal complications, and irrational consequences of these types of surgeries have obviated the necessity of performing these procedures in general so that it is no longer possible to legitimize such acts using jurisprudential, legal, or ethical tools. Ethical considerations: In Order to Organize this Research, While Observing the Authenticity of the Texts, Honesty and Fidelity Have Been Observed. Conclusion: Regarding the lack of codified laws in this area, Criminal Liability and punishments can be inflicted on surgeons who perform these acts using the current Criminal and disciplinary laws with different interpretations. Considering the necessity of this issue, which is associated with the body and soul of individuals and degrades the culture of society, it must be urgently regarded by the legislators. Following that, the existing legislative gap should be investigated, and the legislators should explicitly Criminalize these types of cosmetic procedures, and deal with the perpetrators with a logical variety of punishments and penalties.

Criminal maturity is a relatively new expression in the Criminal law literature. Significance of this discussion in the legal community is mostly because of the practical predicament caused by directing Criminal Liability to individuals whom the customary conscience considers child while the prevailing perspective treats them as deserving a reaction equivalent to the reaction to their fathers. The present essay attempts to reread essentials of the prevailing perspective which claims adequacy of maturity in the Criminal Liability. This rereading leads us to the conclusion that multiple proofs can be found in the Quran and hadiths, which are foundations of the Islamic legal system, as well as words of great jurists that intellectual maturity is a condition for Criminal Liability.

The modern Criminal law is based upon four key principles: the principle of legality, necessity of committing the act, fault principle and the principle of personal Criminal responsibility. In fact, these principles have been arisen to achieve justice in the realm of Criminal law. According to the last principle, everyone is responsible only for behavior that is personally committed and no one can be taken to task for other’s behavior. However, a new category called "vicarious Criminal Liability" has been raised in modern Criminal law which seems to contradict with the last principle. Some lawyers arguing that the issue is an exception to the principle of personal Criminal responsibility have tried to defend it. The basis of this view is that they were mistaken in understanding the concept of "vicarious Criminal Liability".Such mistake in conceptology has given rise to the new mistake on the scope of this type of Criminal responsibility. In this article, explaining the common and erroneous interpretation of the concept, we have tried to draw the real concept and scope of this type of Criminal responsibility.

Kleptomania is one of the psychological disorders which make a patient rob objects. Based on the high rate and hidden feature of this disorder, reviewing the Criminal Liability of these patients are so important in Criminal law and it faces with lots of vagueness. Reaching this aim, first of all, the most important features of this disorder and then the discretion and his psychological situation in the time of theft will be considered by this paper. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the effect of this disorder as an excuse or mitigating factor and concludes that despite the fact that Kleptomania is an acute psychological disease, it cannot be considered as an excuse but mitigating factor.

The "Joint Criminal Enterprise"(JCE) doctrine is a special form of Liability that innovates in the International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). According to this form of Liability, all the members of a Criminal group that try to reach a Criminal enterprise, have the same Liability as to the accomplice. However, the JCE has faced different legal dilemmas since its introduction in the ICTY Judgments both in respect of actus reus and mens rea of the persons who are found liable based on JCE. How a court can convict a person who doesn’, t commit the actus reus of a crime like a perpetrator and more important how it can convict a person who has no actus reus and mens rea related to committed crime, at all. This paper will scrutinize these issues and if this kind of Liability recognizes in Iranian Criminal law. Finally, this paper concludes that this form of Liability has no conflict with Criminal law principles and Iranian Criminal law recognizes JCE in some crimes such as Baghy.

Legal systems to overcome the problem of attributing Criminal responsibility to persons have already tested various solutions for including Criminal responsibility of superiors and employers, Criminal responsibility based on the theory Thoughtful Brain, Criminal responsibility based on the idea of collective blame, Criminal responsibility arising from the theory of power and acceptance. These models, have a common position on the transfer of fault from a person or special persons to a legal person. The Criminal Liability of an organization is based on the fault of legal person’ s structure, in other words, the entity’ s policy of crime production, and not a certain Individual. The Iranian penal system Under Article 143 of the Islamic Penal Code has shown a tendency to derivative responsibility based on the legal representation theory. With this in mind, the fundamental question is: how this model of responsibility can be adjusted to the realities of corporate crimes on the ground. This research seeks to examine the flaws and limitations of the Criminal model used in the Iranian Penal Code and to propose a solution for strengthening the present model.

Nowadays exercise is one of the most important healthy activities among teens and adults. which in some cases of cours it may lead to danger for the athlets. Because getting injured in matches and athletic activities, is something natural and unavoidable. By the way there are some theorys showing the althlets do accept these injuries. But in law, with considering the acception of the athlet, responsibilities are mantioned for the Criminal responsible player.